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Maternal risk factors for gastroschisis: A population-based case-control study.
Arimatias Raitio1, Asta Tauriainen2, Maarit K Leinonen3
1Department of Paediatric Surgery and Orthopaedics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Birth Defects Research
|May 15, 2020
Summary
Nulliparity and young maternal age are key risk factors for gastroschisis, an abdominal wall defect. Maternal obesity, however, significantly reduces the risk, offering a protective effect in newborns.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Surgery
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Gastroschisis is an increasingly prevalent congenital abdominal wall defect with substantial morbidity.
- While risk factors are known, the reasons for its rising incidence remain unclear.
- Understanding maternal risk factors is crucial for prevention and management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and identify specific maternal risk factors associated with gastroschisis.
- To analyze the relationship between maternal characteristics and the occurrence of gastroschisis.
- To contribute to the understanding of gastroschisis etiology.
Main Methods:
- Nationwide case-control study using the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations (2004-2014).
- Inclusion of 188 gastroschisis cases and 910 matched controls.
- Conditional logistic regression analysis to assess risk factors, including drug prescriptions and purchases.
Main Results:
- Nulliparity (giving birth for the first time) was a significant risk factor (aOR 2.00).
- Maternal obesity demonstrated a protective effect (aOR 0.35).
- Younger maternal age was associated with increased risk, while smoking showed a potential, though not statistically significant, increase in risk (aOR 1.32).
Conclusions:
- Confirms nulliparity and young maternal age as significant risk factors for gastroschisis.
- Highlights maternal obesity as a protective factor, irrespective of maternal age or gestational diabetes.
- Suggests further research into the complex interplay of maternal factors in gastroschisis development.
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