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Relationship quality and 5-year mortality risk.

Jamila Bookwala1, Trent Gaugler2

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Negative relationship quality, especially criticism from a spouse, increases mortality risk in older adults. Addressing criticism in relationships may improve longevity and well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Social Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Relationship quality is a significant factor in overall health.
  • Understanding predictors of mortality in older adults is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how positive and negative relationship quality with a spouse or partner predicts mortality.
  • To examine if gender moderates the association between relationship quality and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) with 1,734 participants across two waves, 5 years apart.
  • Assessed positive (opening up, reliance) and negative (demands, criticism) relationship aspects.
  • Analyzed survival status at Wave 2 using logistic regression and propensity score matching, controlling for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Negative relationship quality significantly increased the odds of mortality by 20% (OR = 1.20) after 5 years.
  • Criticism from a spouse was particularly linked to higher mortality risk (OR = 1.44).
  • Gender did not moderate the relationship between relationship quality and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Negative aspects of marital or partner relationships, especially criticism, elevate mortality risk in older adults.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing criticism in couple relationships could enhance longevity.
  • Findings highlight the importance of social relationships for health outcomes in aging.