Apremilast to treat oral ulcers in Behçet syndrome

Apremilast, an oral small molecule, is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE-4) blocker. It has been shown to be efficacious in managing psoriasis (PS) and psoriatic arthritis (PSA). In two controlled studies, it was also effective in controlling oral ulcers of Behçet syndrome (Bsy). The main side effects associated with apremilast are diarrhea, nausea and headaches. These are usually transient and apremilast requires almost no laboratory monitoring during its use. An important issue is whether apremilast will also be useful in other debilitating and life-threatening manifestations of Bsy, for which there is yet no negative or positive evidence. The experience with apremilast use in PS/PSA will surely be helpful in foreseeing and managing potential adverse events of apremilast use for any other indication in Bsy. On the other hand, the author does not consider the proposed similarities in disease mechanisms between PS/PSA and Bsy strong enough to guide us as to where and when to use apremilast in Bsy.