Sestrin proteins in cardiovascular disease.

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading global cause of death and illness.
• Key pathological features of CVDs include inflammation, cellular proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cytokine secretion.
• Sestrins are emerging as crucial protective proteins with implications for age-related diseases and cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the physiological functions and underlying mechanisms of sestrin proteins in the context of cardiovascular diseases.
• To highlight the role of sestrins in modulating key pathological pathways relevant to heart conditions.
• To explore sestrins as a potential therapeutic target for managing cardiovascular disease progression.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on sestrin functions and their involvement in cardiovascular pathology.
• Analysis of the sestrin-AMPK-mTORC pathway and its regulatory roles.
• Examination of sestrin influence on macrophage polarization, ROS levels, and cytokine secretion.

Main Results:

• Sestrins demonstrate protective effects in various cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), aortic stenosis (AS), cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis.
• The sestrin-AMPK-mTORC pathway is a key mechanism through which sestrins exert their cardioprotective effects.
• Sestrins effectively regulate M1/M2 macrophage balance, ROS production, and cytokine profiles during cardiovascular stress.

Conclusions:

• Sestrins possess significant therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases due to their multifaceted protective roles.
• Targeting sestrins may offer a novel strategy for controlling the progression of common cardiovascular conditions.
• Increased clinical awareness of sestrins' functions is warranted for future therapeutic development in cardiology.