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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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Quantitative analysis is a technique for measuring the amount of specific constituents in a sample. When the sample's composition is unknown, qualitative analysis is performed first to identify its components, which ensures that the correct substances are measured during the quantitative phase.
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The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
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Application and Methodology of the Non-destructive 19F Time-domain NMR Technique to Measure the Content in Fluorine-containing Drug Products
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Quantitative analysis of solid dosage forms of cefixime using Raman spectroscopy.

Jawad Bajwa1, Haq Nawaz2, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
|May 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Raman spectroscopy effectively quantifies cefixime (CEF) in solid dosage forms. This method, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), accurately analyzes cefixime concentrations and excipient interactions.

Keywords:
CefiximePCA, PLSRRaman spectroscopySolid dosage forms

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Antibiotic quantification is crucial for disease prevention and treatment.
  • Cefixime (CEF) is a widely used cephalosporin antibiotic against bacterial infections.
  • Analyzing cefixime in solid dosage forms requires robust analytical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply Raman spectroscopy for identifying and quantifying cefixime (CEF) in solid dosage forms.
  • To investigate the spectral features of CEF and excipients in various concentrations.
  • To develop and validate multivariate data analysis models for cefixime analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Raman spectroscopy was employed to collect spectral data of cefixime with different excipients.
  • Raman peaks were assigned based on existing literature.
  • Multivariate analysis techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), were utilized.

Main Results:

  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) successfully differentiated spectral data from various cefixime solid dosage forms.
  • Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models demonstrated high performance with R² values of 0.99 for both calibration and validation datasets.
  • Low errors (MAE, MRE, RMSEC, RMSEP) indicate the accuracy and reliability of the developed quantitative models.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy, coupled with multivariate analysis, provides an effective method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of cefixime in solid dosage forms.
  • The study validates the use of PCA for differentiation and PLSR for accurate quantification of cefixime.
  • This approach offers a reliable tool for pharmaceutical quality control of cefixime formulations.