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Development and Validation of a Controlled Pressure Method Test Protocol for Vapor Intrusion Pathway Assessment.

Yuanming Guo1, Paul Dahlen1, Paul C Johnson2

  • 1School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.

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Controlled pressure method (CPM) testing offers advantages for vapor intrusion (VI) assessment. This study provides guidelines for CPM test parameters, including pressure differentials and duration, to improve its application in identifying vapor sources.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Building Science

Background:

  • Controlled pressure method (CPM) is a building-specific diagnostic tool for vapor intrusion (VI) pathway assessment.
  • CPM offers advantages over traditional methods by simulating worst-case VI impacts and identifying vapor sources.
  • Lack of definitive guidance on test parameters hinders CPM's general acceptance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate key CPM test design parameters.
  • To formulate proposed CPM testing guidelines for improved VI assessment.
  • To enhance the reliability and applicability of the CPM for vapor intrusion studies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic evaluation of indoor-outdoor pressure difference, test duration, exhaust fan location, and air sampling locations.
  • Conducting CPM tests with manipulated building pressure conditions.
  • Analyzing data to determine optimal test parameters.

Main Results:

  • Recommended negative and positive indoor-outdoor pressure differentials of approximately 10-15 Pa.
  • Suggested minimum test durations: nine indoor air exchanges for negative pressure and four for positive pressure.
  • Exhaust fan intake sampling is sufficient for negative pressure, but room-specific sampling aids in both for identifying entry points and indoor sources.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides crucial guidelines for CPM test design, addressing key parameters.
  • Implementing these guidelines can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of vapor intrusion assessments.
  • CPM testing, with optimized parameters, is a valuable tool for understanding vapor intrusion pathways and sources.