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Persistent organic pollutant exposure and celiac disease: A pilot study.

Abigail Gaylord1, Leonardo Trasande2, Kurunthachalam Kannan3

  • 1Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Environmental Research
|May 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Environmental pollutant exposure, including DDE, may increase celiac disease risk in children. Specific persistent organic pollutants (POPs) showed higher odds of celiac disease in males and females, suggesting a link between chemical exposure and autoimmune conditions.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseaseChildren's healthEndocrine disruptionEnvironmental chemicalsEnvironmental exposures

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Celiac disease affects 1% of the global population, with environmental triggers in genetically susceptible individuals remaining largely unknown.
  • Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known endocrine disruptors with potential roles in immune system modulation, suggesting a possible link to autoimmune diseases like celiac disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between exposure to specific persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the risk of developing celiac disease in children.
  • To explore potential sex-specific differences in the relationship between POP exposure and celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 88 pediatric patients, with 30 diagnosed with celiac disease.
  • Measurement of serum concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE).
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the odds of celiac disease associated with POP concentrations, controlling for relevant covariates.

Main Results:

  • Higher serum DDE concentrations were associated with a 2-fold increased odds of celiac disease, independent of sex, race, age, BMI, and genetic susceptibility.
  • Sex-stratified analysis revealed significantly higher odds of celiac disease in females exposed to DDE, PFOS, and perfluorooctanoic acid.
  • Males exhibited higher odds of celiac disease associated with serum BDE153 (a PBDE congener) exposure.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first study to report a correlation between POP exposure and celiac disease in children.
  • Findings suggest that environmental chemical exposures, such as DDE and certain PFASs and PBDEs, may play a role in the development of autoimmunity in genetically predisposed children.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals influence autoimmunity in susceptible populations.