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Plant phytochromes (PHYs) act as temperature sensors, influencing metabolism. High temperatures, mediated by PHYB1B2, reduce carotenoid synthesis in tomato leaves and lycopene in fruits.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Engineering

Background:

  • Environmental temperature significantly impacts plant metabolism, but regulatory mechanisms are unclear.
  • Phytochromes (PHYs), known for light perception, also function as temperature sensors influencing plant growth.
  • High temperatures in Arabidopsis thaliana reversibly inactivate PHYB, affecting photomorphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of phytochrome-dependent temperature perception in modulating isoprenoid-derived compound accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves and fruits.
  • To elucidate the impact of PHYB1B2 on temperature-induced metabolic changes in tomato leaves.
  • To determine the sensitivity of lycopene biosynthesis in tomato fruits to localized PHY-dependent temperature sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivating tomato plants under contrasting temperature regimes.
  • Analyzing gene expression related to chlorophyll catabolism and chloroplast biogenesis.
  • Assessing carotenoid synthesis in leaves and lycopene accumulation in fruits.
  • Utilizing a triple phyAB1B2 mutant and fruit-specific PHYA- or PHYB2-silenced plants.

Main Results:

  • High temperatures led to coordinated up-regulation of chlorophyll catabolic genes and impaired chloroplast biogenesis in leaves.
  • Carotenoid synthesis in leaves was reduced in a PHYB1B2-dependent manner under high temperatures.
  • Lycopene biosynthesis in tomato fruits was sensitive to fruit-localized PHY-dependent temperature perception.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochromes mediate temperature perception, significantly impacting plastid metabolism in both tomato leaves and fruits.
  • PHY-dependent temperature sensing regulates the accumulation of isoprenoid-derived compounds, including carotenoids.
  • This study highlights the crucial role of phytochromes in plant responses to temperature fluctuations affecting key metabolic pathways.