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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Diabetic ketoacidosis.

Ketan K Dhatariya1,2, Nicole S Glaser3, Ethel Codner4

  • 1Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|May 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical hyperglycaemic emergency in diabetes. Prompt diagnosis and management, including fluid, insulin, and electrolyte therapy, are vital for preventing severe complications and mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most frequent acute hyperglycaemic emergency in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
  • DKA diagnosis requires elevated blood glucose, ketoacids, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis.
  • Early recognition and intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes in DKA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
  • To discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors associated with DKA.
  • To offer practical management recommendations for DKA in both adult and pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on DKA epidemiology, pathogenesis, and risk factors.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for DKA.
  • Synthesis of established and emerging treatment strategies for DKA.

Main Results:

  • DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and metabolic acidosis.
  • Key management principles include fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy, electrolyte correction, and addressing precipitating factors.
  • Optimal management significantly reduces DKA-related morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • DKA is a serious but largely preventable diabetes complication.
  • Effective management hinges on timely diagnosis and a multi-faceted therapeutic approach.
  • This primer offers essential guidance for clinicians managing DKA in diverse patient groups.