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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Related Experiment Video

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Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis
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Dermatologic Sequelae Associated with Radiation Therapy.

Kurt A Ashack1, Victoria Kuritza2, Michael J Visconti3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine East Building (CME), University of Illinois At Chicago College of Medicine, RM 380, 808 South Wood St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. kashac2@uic.edu.

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
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Summary

Radiation therapy can cause various skin problems, including radiation dermatitis and skin cancers. This review highlights these underreported adverse effects to increase awareness among healthcare professionals.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Radiation therapy is a crucial cancer treatment for primary and metastatic diseases.
  • Dermatological adverse events are common but often underreported in radiation oncology literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on cutaneous manifestations linked to radiation therapy.
  • To enhance awareness of radiation therapy-associated skin side effects.

Main Methods:

  • An extensive literature review was conducted using PubMed and Embase databases.
  • Studies were critically evaluated for relevance to cutaneous radiation therapy manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Commonly reported skin issues include radiation dermatitis, non-melanoma skin cancer, and angiosarcoma.
  • Less frequent but significant sequelae include morphea, bullous pemphigoid, lymphangioma circumscriptum, and pseudosclerodermatous panniculitis.
  • Much of the evidence comprises case reports and series, lacking large-scale cohort studies.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation therapy is associated with a broad spectrum of dermatological adverse events.
  • Increased awareness and reporting of these cutaneous effects are necessary for comprehensive patient care.