Hysteroscopic treatment of submucosal fibroids in perimenopausal women: when, why, and how?

Uterine fibroids are a common finding in premenopausal women. They considerably reduce the quality of life by provoking abnormal uterine bleeding and consequent anemia and pelvic pain. Over the past 20 years, radical surgery (hysterectomy) for symptomatic fibroids has been partially replaced with minimally invasive surgical procedures that spare the uterus, with lower costs and reduced morbidity. Outpatient and inpatient operative hysteroscopy have been validated as safe and effective minimally invasive treatment options for both submucosal and intramural fibroids. In such a scenario, several technological innovations and the possibility of pharmacological pretreatment have enhanced the hysteroscopic approach. However, the counseling and treatment of perimenopausal women remain a challenge for the gynecologist. The main purpose of this review is to provide an updated guide to the management of submucosal fibroids in perimenopausal women, depicting how, when, and why hysteroscopic treatment is a valuable choice to eliminate symptoms and satisfy the patient's wish to improve their overall quality of life.