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Baltic cod endohelminths reflect recent ecological changes.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Helminthological studies reveal changes in Baltic cod parasites, indicating a growing seal population and shifts in cod feeding habits. These findings supplement traditional methods for assessing Baltic Sea ecological health.

Keywords:
Baltic SeaGadus morhuabiological indicatorhelminths

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Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Parasitology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua) populations face ecological challenges.
  • Current environmental concerns include oxygen deficit and seal abundance.
  • Helminthological investigations offer a novel approach to understanding ecological shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare endoparasitic helminths in Baltic cod from 1983 and 2018.
  • To assess the utility of helminth studies in elucidating ecological changes in the Baltic Sea.
  • To investigate potential links between parasite dynamics, seal populations, and cod feeding ecology.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of helminth species composition, prevalence, and intensity in Baltic cod.
  • Sampling conducted in the same marine habitat across a 35-year interval (1983/2018).
  • Identification of 11 helminth species across four groups: trematodes, nematodes, cestodes, and acanthocephalans.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in prevalence and intensity for Contracaecum osculatum and Corynosoma semerme larvae, both utilizing grey seals as final hosts.
  • Indication of a recent expansion in the Baltic grey seal population.
  • Observed changes in other helminths (e.g., lower Echinorhynchus gadi intensity, increased Lepidapedon elongatum prevalence) suggest altered feeding patterns in smaller cod.

Conclusions:

  • Helminthological data provides valuable insights into Baltic Sea ecological changes, complementing traditional methods.
  • Increased prevalence of seal-hosted parasites suggests a growing seal population.
  • Shifts in helminth communities indicate changes in cod diet, specifically reduced amphipod and increased polychaete consumption.