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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging Analysis
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of facial paralysis severity is crucial for effective rehabilitation planning.
  • Current assessment methods may lack objectivity and speed, potentially delaying optimal treatment.
  • The eye aspect ratio (EAR) is a potential quantitative measure for facial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and validate the eye aspect ratio (EAR) index for objective assessment of facial paralysis.
  • To evaluate the performance of a novel facial landmark detection model (FP-FLDM) for patients with facial paralysis.
  • To determine the correlation between bilateral EAR differences and the Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0 (FNGS 2.0) scores.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a facial landmark detection model (FP-FLDM) specifically for facial paralysis patients.
  • Calculation of the eye aspect ratio (EAR) using detected facial landmarks.
  • Utilizing Fréchet distance to quantify bilateral EAR differences and correlating these with FNGS 2.0 scores.

Main Results:

  • The FP-FLDM demonstrated a superior error rate (17.1%) in facial feature point detection compared to models for normal faces.
  • A high correlation (coefficient of 0.9673) was found between bilateral EAR differences and FNGS 2.0 scores.
  • EAR achieved an accuracy of 85.7% in scoring eye conditions in facial paralysis patients via 10-fold cross-validation.

Conclusions:

  • The eye aspect ratio (EAR) index offers a rapid and objective method for assessing facial paralysis severity.
  • EAR can effectively enhance the Facial Nerve Grading System 2.0 (FNGS 2.0), improving clinical assessment.
  • FP-FLDM provides accurate facial landmark detection crucial for reliable EAR calculation in facial paralysis patients.