G-CSF Infusion for Stem Cell Mobilization Transiently Increases Serum Cell-Free DNA and Protease Concentrations

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Immunology
• Thrombosis Research

Background:

• Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization.
• G-CSF increases circulating myeloid cells, including polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs).
• Previous studies suggested G-CSF primes PMNs for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, which is linked to thrombosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if G-CSF enhances PMN priming toward NET formation in healthy stem cell donors.
• To determine the effect of high G-CSF concentrations on PMN activation and thrombotic potential.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of circulating myeloid cell populations after G-CSF administration.
• Assessment of PMN priming for NET formation.
• Measurement of serum cell-free DNA, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and reactive oxygen species.

Main Results:

• G-CSF did not enhance PMN priming toward NET formation.
• G-CSF significantly increased serum concentrations of cell-free DNA, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and reactive oxygen species.
• These changes indicate a pro-thrombotic environment may be created.

Conclusions:

• G-CSF does not directly prime PMNs for NET formation.
• Elevated levels of specific molecules due to G-CSF may contribute to thrombotic events.
• Further research is needed to understand the thrombotic risk associated with G-CSF therapy.