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How does spaceflight affect the acquired immune system?

Taishin Akiyama1, Kenta Horie1, Eiichi Hinoi2,3

  • 1Laboratory for Immune Homeostasis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan.

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|May 16, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spaceflight impacts the immune system, affecting acquired immunity development and responses. Gravitational changes, radiation, and stress disrupt primary lymphoid organs and immune cell functions.

Keywords:
Adaptive immunityHealth care

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Space Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Spaceflight poses unique challenges to biological systems.
  • The immune system's adaptability to microgravity and radiation is a critical concern for astronaut health.
  • Previous research indicates potential alterations in immune function during space missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and discuss the influence of the spaceflight environment on acquired immunity.
  • To highlight the effects on primary lymphoid organs and immune cell development.
  • To explore mechanisms by which spaceflight perturbs immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing data from spaceflight missions and Earth-based models.
  • Analysis of the impact of gravitational changes on lymphoid organs.
  • Investigation of the roles of stressors, space radiation, and stress hormones.

Main Results:

  • Spaceflight affects bone marrow and thymus, impairing lymphopoiesis (the development of lymphocytes).
  • Acquired immune responses are disturbed by microgravity, stressors, and radiation.
  • Stress hormones play a role in mediating these immune alterations.

Conclusions:

  • The spaceflight environment significantly influences acquired immunity.
  • Impaired lymphopoiesis and direct/indirect immune disturbances can compromise immune surveillance.
  • These changes may affect the body's ability to respond to pathogens, allergens, and tumors in space.