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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Acute Pharyngitis01:30

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants01:27

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Decongestants

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Decongestants are a class of medications used primarily to alleviate nasal congestion, a common symptom resulting from allergies, colds, sinusitis, and other upper respiratory tract infections. These drugs work by activating α-adrenergic receptors, constricting small blood vessels in the nasal membranes. This action results in the opening of clogged nasal passages, thereby facilitating sinus drainage and relieving congestion.
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

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COVID-19 is a Real Headache!

Hayrunnisa Bolay1, Ahmet Gül2, Betül Baykan3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Algology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

Headache
|May 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Headache is a common, non-respiratory symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), often presenting as new-onset, severe pain unresponsive to typical treatments. Recognizing these headache features is crucial for managing COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2coronavirus disease 2019headache pathophysiologyheadache symptomsinflammatory mediatorsvasculopathy

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Nasal Brushing Sampling and Processing Using Digital High Speed Ciliary Videomicroscopy &#8211; Adaptation for the COVID-19 Pandemic
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High-Speed Human Temporal Bone Sectioning for the Assessment of COVID-19-Associated Middle Ear Pathology
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, initially presented with respiratory symptoms.
  • The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 expanded to include non-respiratory manifestations, notably neurological symptoms like headache.
  • Limited data existed on the specific clinical features of headaches in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical characteristics of headaches in symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
  • To highlight the significance of headache as a non-respiratory symptom of COVID-19.
  • To investigate potential pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19-associated headaches.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical data from symptomatic COVID-19 patients.
  • Detailed recording of headache onset, severity, quality, location, and response to analgesics.
  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19 neurological manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Headache occurred in 11%-34% of hospitalized and 6%-10% as a presenting symptom in COVID-19 patients.
  • Characterized by new-onset, moderate-to-severe, bilateral pain (pulsating/pressing) in temporoparietal, forehead, or periorbital regions.
  • Headaches showed sudden-to-gradual onset, poor response to analgesics, and high relapse rates during the active COVID-19 phase.

Conclusions:

  • Headache is a common and significant non-respiratory symptom of COVID-19.
  • Specific headache features in COVID-19 patients warrant careful clinical documentation.
  • Potential mechanisms include direct viral effects, vasculopathy, inflammation, and hypoxia.