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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Published on: March 25, 2022
Mustafa Kaplan1, Selçuk Dişibeyaz2, Bülent Ödemiş1
1Department of Gastroenterology, Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) via a permanent access loop (PAL) offers high success rates for patients needing frequent biliary procedures. This technique demonstrates 100% technical success and 85% clinical success with a low complication rate.
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