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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

25.1K
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Overview
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring
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LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring

Published on: November 17, 2018

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Cholesterol Handling in Lysosomes and Beyond.

Ying Meng1, Saskia Heybrock2, Dante Neculai1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Trends in Cell Biology
|May 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Lysosomes regulate cellular cholesterol by transporting it via specific proteins like NPC1 and NPC2. This process is crucial for maintaining cholesterol balance and signaling pathways.

Keywords:
Niemann–Pick type Ccholesterolcontact siteslysosomal integral membrane protein-2lysosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lysosomes play a critical role in cellular cholesterol homeostasis.
  • Lipoprotein-derived cholesterol enters lysosomes via endocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of cholesterol transport within lysosomes.
  • To summarize cholesterol handling from lysosomal entry to exit.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of lysosomal cholesterol transport.
  • Analysis of protein functions (NPC1, NPC2, LAMP-2, LIMP-2/SCARB2).

Main Results:

  • Cholesterol moves through the lysosomal lumen via NPC1 and NPC2 proteins.
  • Lysosomal membrane proteins LAMP-2 and LIMP-2/SCARB2 also bind and transport cholesterol.
  • Lysosome-organelle contact sites and fusion events distribute cholesterol.
  • Lysosomal cholesterol levels regulate mTORC signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Lysosomes are central to cellular cholesterol metabolism.
  • Multiple proteins and mechanisms facilitate cholesterol transport and regulation within lysosomes.