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CRISPR screen in mechanism and target discovery for cancer immunotherapy

Dan Liu1, Xuan Zhao1, Anqun Tang1

  • 1Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China; Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|May 16, 2020
PubMed

Insights

CRISPR screens are revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy by identifying new targets. These powerful tools help discover ways to enhance anti-tumor immune responses and develop novel cancer therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • CRISPR/Cas-based genetic screens are advanced tools for identifying cancer immunotherapy targets.
  • Various CRISPR screen strategies are employed for immune-oncology (IO) target discovery, including coding and non-coding genomic regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in CRISPR-based screens for identifying IO targets.
  • To discuss challenges and potential solutions in this rapidly evolving field.

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR screens targeting diverse genomic elements (coding sequences, miRNAs, LncRNAs, circRNAs, promoters, enhancers).
  • Application of CRISPR technologies to enhance tumor antigen presentation, sensitize tumors to cytotoxicity, and reinvigorate T cells.
  • Integration of CRISPR screens with other strategies to characterize immunotherapy targets.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel targets for enhancing anti-tumor immunity.
  • Progress in understanding mechanisms to improve immune-mediated tumor cell killing.
  • Development of strategies to boost tumor-specific T cell responses.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR screens are pivotal in discovering new cancer immunotherapy targets.
  • Continued research and innovation are crucial for overcoming challenges in CRISPR-based IO target identification.
Keywords:
CRISPR screenCancer immunotherapyImmune-oncologyTarget discovery

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