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Glucose concentration during equine in vitro maturation alters mitochondrial function.

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High glucose concentrations during equine oocyte maturation negatively impact mitochondrial function and gene expression, despite similar maturation and blastocyst rates. Further research is needed to assess developmental outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • In vitro embryo production in horses is growing, but protocols require optimization.
  • Common in vitro maturation (IVM) media use differing glucose concentrations (5.6 mM vs. 17 mM).
  • High glucose effects on equine oocytes are unknown, unlike in other mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of physiological (5.6 mM) versus supraphysiological (17 mM) glucose concentrations during equine IVM on oocyte energy metabolism and gene expression.
  • To compare mitochondrial function and key metabolic gene expression in equine oocytes and cumulus cells matured under different glucose conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Equine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in M199 with either 5.6 mM or 17 mM glucose.
  • Spent media analyzed for glucose consumption, lactate, and pyruvate.
  • Mitochondrial function assessed via respirometry.
  • Expression of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) analyzed in cumulus cells.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in COC glucose consumption, lactate, or pyruvate production between groups.
  • A decreased glycolytic index observed at 17 mM glucose.
  • IVM in 17 mM glucose led to reduced ATP-coupled respiration and increased non-mitochondrial respiration.
  • LDHA was downregulated in cumulus cells matured with 17 mM glucose.
  • Maturation and blastocyst rates remained unaffected by glucose concentration.

Conclusions:

  • Supraphysiological glucose (17 mM) during equine IVM alters COC mitochondrial function and LDHA gene expression.
  • These metabolic changes occur without affecting maturation or blastocyst rates.
  • Further investigation is required to determine the long-term developmental consequences for offspring.