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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Electroconvulsive Seizures in Rats and Fractionation of Their Hippocampi to Examine Seizure-induced Changes in Postsynaptic Density Proteins
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Depression could modulate neuropsychological status in epilepsy.

N Forthoffer1, C Kleitz2, M Bilger2

  • 1Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; LNCA, UMR 7364, CNRS et Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.

Revue Neurologique
|May 17, 2020
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Depression significantly impacts cognition in epilepsy patients, varying with seizure origin and epilepsy type. Early depression assessment is crucial for managing cognitive decline, especially before epilepsy surgery.

Keywords:
CognitionCognitive impairmentDepressionEpilepsyMood

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognition and depression are frequently studied in epilepsy, but their specific interrelationship remains underexplored.
  • Few studies have investigated the direct impact of depression on cognitive function in patients with epilepsy (PWE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing literature on the impact of depression on cognition in PWE.
  • To understand how factors like seizure laterality, epilepsy type, and surgical context influence this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature search of databases for relevant studies.
  • Inclusion criteria: adult PWE, quantitative depression/neuropsychological assessment, statistical analysis of depression's impact on cognition, studies with >= 20 patients.
  • Narrative and descriptive summary of findings from 20 selected articles.

Main Results:

  • Depression has a variable impact on cognition in PWE.
  • The effect of depression on cognition is influenced by seizure onset zone laterality, epilepsy type, and surgical context.
  • Studies indicate a need for systematic depression screening in PWE.

Conclusions:

  • Depression significantly affects cognitive function in patients with epilepsy.
  • Prompt depression assessment and care are vital for PWE to prevent cognitive decline, particularly in those undergoing or considering surgery.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interplay between depression, epilepsy characteristics, and cognitive outcomes.