Intrafollicular spontaneous parthenogenetic development of dromedary camel oocytes

Dromedary camel oocytes are unique in their capability for intrafollicular and in vitro spontaneous parthenogenetic activation (SPA) and development. This study was designed for (a) observing the incidence of SPA and development of dromedary camel oocytes retrieved from ovaries; (b) assessing intrafollicular development of dromedary camel oocytes using histological examination; (c) evaluating the abilities of dromedary camel oocytes to mature, SPA, and develop in vitro; and (d) identifying the transcript abundance of Cdx2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in different stages of SPA and developed camel embryos. The results revealed that 2.33% of oocytes retrieved from dromedary camel ovaries were SPA and developed to blastocyst stage. Serial sections of dromedary camel ovaries also demonstrated the presence of 1.4 SPA and parthenotes per ovary, which included from two-cell to the blastocysts with demarcated trophectoderm and inner cell mass layers. A total of 2.6% in vitro matured dromedary camel oocytes developed into morulae. The SPA and developed dromedary embryos expressed transcript abundance for Cdx2 mRNA with the highest (p < .05) at the blastocyst. The present work determines for the first time the intrafollicular oocytes from the dromedary camel display SPA, and the parthenotes can develop into blastocysts and expressing Cdx2 mRNA.