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Suppressed immune profile in children with combined type 1 diabetes and celiac disease

A Tompa1,2, K Åkesson3, S Karlsson1

  • 1The Biomedical platform, Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|May 17, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Children with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) exhibit a suppressed immune profile, with lower levels of key immune markers. This finding highlights the complex interplay of immune dysregulation in these co-occurring autoimmune conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) are autoimmune disorders with overlapping immune dysregulation.
  • Previous research has focused on cellular immunity and limited soluble markers in co-diagnosed children.
  • The role of adipocytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in combined T1D and CD remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the peripheral immunoregulatory milieu in children with co-occurring T1D and CD.
  • To analyze serum levels of 28 immune markers, including cytokines, chemokines, acute-phase proteins (APPs), adipocytokines, and MMPs.
  • To compare these markers between children with combined T1D and CD, T1D alone, CD alone, and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples were collected from four groups: T1D and CD (n=18), T1D (n=27), CD (n=16), and controls (n=42).
  • The Luminex technique was employed to analyze the levels of 28 immune markers.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare marker levels across the groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with combined T1D and CD demonstrated significantly lower serum levels of interleukin-22 (IL-22), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α), procalcitonin, fibrinogen, visfatin, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2).
  • These findings suggest a generally suppressed immune profile in children with the double diagnosis.
  • The suppressed profile encompassed Th17 cytokines, chemokines, APPs, adipocytokines, and MMPs.

Conclusions:

  • Children with co-occurring T1D and CD exhibit a distinct, suppressed immune profile compared to those with single diagnoses or healthy controls.
  • Beyond cytokines and chemokines, APPs, adipocytokines, and MMPs are crucial for understanding the complex immune processes in T1D and CD.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the heterogeneous immune mechanisms in patients with combined T1D and CD.

Keywords:
celiac diseasechildrenimmune markerstype 1 diabetes

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