Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 21, 2025
10:23
Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
3.5K
Genetic contribution to palatal morphology variation using three-dimensional analysis in Australian twins
Shinichi Negishi1, Lindsay C Richards2, Toby Hughes2
1Department of Orthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Japan; The University of Adelaide Dental School, Australia.
Archives of Oral Biology
|May 18, 2020
Summary
Genetic factors significantly influence palatal morphology in Australian twins. Palatal width and depth show moderate to high heritability, with posterior regions exhibiting stronger genetic control.
Area of Science:
- Human genetics
- Orthodontics
- Twin studies
Background:
- Palatal morphology is crucial for craniofacial development and function.
- Understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental influences on palatal variation is essential for clinical applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the heritability of palatal morphology in Australian twins.
- To investigate the genetic and environmental contributions to variations in palatal width and depth.
Main Methods:
- Utilized 3D scanning to capture maxillary arch data from 123 Australian twins (monozygotic and dizygotic).
- Defined and measured palatal depth and width parameters.
- Employed univariate genetic analysis using structural equation modeling in R.
Main Results:
- Heritability estimates for palatal width ranged from 0.75 to 0.86.
- Heritability estimates for palatal depth were 0.72 (anterior) and 0.86 (posterior).
- Higher genetic influence was observed in posterior palatal regions.
Conclusions:
- Palatal morphology exhibits a moderate to high genetic contribution.
- Posterior palate height is more genetically influenced than anterior height.
- Palatal width shows strong genetic regulation, particularly in deeper palates.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:18Polygenic Traits
68.7K
When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
68.7K
01:23Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs
894
Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
The primary methodologies used in behavior genetics include family studies, twin studies, and adoption studies, each providing unique...
894
01:43Incomplete Dominance
29.4K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
29.4K
01:25Genetic Variation
1.1K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
1.1K
01:24Facial Feedback Hypothesis
471
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
471
02:27Trihybrid Crosses
25.0K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
25.0K