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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Surveillance, 1 April to 30 June 2019

Kate Pennington1, ,

  • 1Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Section, Office of Health Protection, Australian Government Department of Health, GPO Box 9484, MDP 14, Canberra, ACT 2601.

Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)
|May 19, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases rose in 2019. While the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) initially reduced disease, non-vaccine serotypes are now increasing, impacting public health.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has altered disease epidemiology.
  • Surveillance of IPD is crucial for monitoring vaccine effectiveness and disease trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in IPD incidence following the switch from 7-valent to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV).
  • To investigate the impact of PCV introduction on serotype distribution and disease burden across different age groups.
  • To assess the recent trends in IPD caused by vaccine-type and non-vaccine-type pneumococcal serotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of notified IPD case data.
  • Comparison of IPD incidence rates between different quarters and years.
  • Serotype-specific analysis of causative agents of IPD.

Main Results:

  • Notified IPD cases in Q2 2019 exceeded those in the previous quarter and Q2 2018.
  • Following the 2011 introduction of 13vPCV, an initial decline in IPD was observed, attributed to vaccine-type serotypes.
  • Recent trends show a plateauing decline in vaccine-type IPD, with a steady increase in non-vaccine-type serotypes, including those covered by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) and unvaccinted serotypes, across all age groups.

Conclusions:

  • The epidemiological impact of 13vPCV on IPD is evolving, with a diminishing decline in vaccine-type disease.
  • There is a concerning rise in IPD caused by pneumococcal serotypes not covered by current routine childhood immunization programs.
  • Continued surveillance and potential vaccine updates are necessary to address the changing landscape of IPD.

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