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Updated: Dec 21, 2025
Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery
Published on: January 11, 2020
A three-dimensional color-printed system allowing complete modeling of arteriovenous malformations for surgical
Xun Ye1, Liang Wang2, Kai Li3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital,Capital Medical Univerisity, Beijing, China; Beijing Translational Engineering Enter for 3D printer in Clinical Neuroscience, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
To develope a colored realistic AVM model using three-dimensional (3D) printing for surgical planning and research. Raw computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) data were integrated and used for reconstruction. Each AVM model included the nidus, the feeding arteries, the draining veins, the sinuses, the adjacent principal arteries, and the skull. The models were employed to plan surgical and endovascular treatments. Surgical feedback was obtained using a survey. Five AVM cases were included. The AVMs and the models thereof did not differ significantly in terms of length, width, or height, as measured via magnetic resonance imaging (all p > 0.05). The 3D AVM models were thus accurate. The overall score on the questionnaire survey was >4 point; the model thus aided the planning of interventional surgery. All surgeons were confident that the 3D models reflected the true lesional boundaries. Our 3D-printed intracranial AVM models were accurate, and can be used for preoperative planning and training of residents. The models improved surgeons' understanding of AVM structure, reducing operative time.
