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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

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The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

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COVID 19 in neonates.

Venkat Reddy Kallem1, Deepak Sharma2

  • 1Paramitha Children Hospital, Hyderabad, India.

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|May 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. While transmission is primarily through droplets, vertical transmission in neonates is not well-supported, and clinical signs are nonspecific.

Keywords:
Corona virus disease 2019SARS-CoV-2newbornpregnant mother

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Use of In vivo Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Experimental Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection in Neonates
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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Virology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic originated in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread globally.
  • COVID-19 is caused by a beta coronavirus, genetically similar to SARS.
  • Transmission predominantly occurs via respiratory droplets from infected individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology, transmission, clinical presentation, and management of COVID-19, with a focus on neonates.
  • To highlight diagnostic methods and infection control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on COVID-19.
  • Analysis of transmission routes and clinical manifestations.
  • Discussion of diagnostic techniques like RT-PCR.
  • Outline of management and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Limited cases of COVID-19 in neonates suggest no convincing evidence of vertical transmission.
  • Neonatal clinical presentation is nonspecific, including temperature instability, respiratory distress, and poor feeding.
  • Real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the definitive diagnostic test.
  • Infection prevention and breaking transmission chains are crucial due to the lack of approved treatments.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 poses a significant global health threat.
  • Neonatal COVID-19 presentation and transmission require further investigation.
  • Strict infection control measures are paramount for managing the pandemic.