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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
393
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

349
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
349
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

277
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
277
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

180
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Related Experiment Video

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
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Endomyocardial fibrosis.

Chukwuemeka Daniel Iroegbu1, Wangping Chen1, Xun Wu1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.

Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy
|May 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a serious heart condition affecting children and young adults. Surgical evaluation of resected cardiac tissue can improve management for this neglected disease.

Keywords:
Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF)endemic diseaseendocardial strippinggenetic susceptibilityhealth services accountabilityheart failure (HF)

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a neglected cardiovascular disease disproportionately affecting children and young adults.
  • It is characterized by a poor prognosis and lacks specific treatments.
  • This study details a 10-year experience in the therapeutic management and surgical treatment of EMF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cardio-structural abnormalities in EMF patients using echocardiography.
  • To evaluate coronary vascular changes through coronary angiography.
  • To analyze surgical findings and histopathology of resected cardiac tissue.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 55 pediatric patients diagnosed with EMF (February 2009-March 2019) underwent surgical repair.
  • Echocardiography and coronary angiography were used for pre-operative assessment.
  • Detailed surgical examination and histopathological analysis of resected tissue were performed.

Main Results:

  • 28 patients had severe heart disease, 26 moderate, and 1 mild.
  • Most patients (all but one) presented in NYHA functional class III or IV.
  • Mean endocardial thickness was 3,000 µm; 45 patients underwent valve replacement, and 9 had valve repair.

Conclusions:

  • Echocardiographic findings correlated well with surgical and histopathological results.
  • Coronary changes included fibrin deposition, medial sclerosis, degeneration, and plexiform lesions.
  • Surgical evaluation of resected cardiac tissue aids in improving EMF disease management.