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Relationship between sperm morphology and sperm DNA dispersion.

Joanna Jakubik-Uljasz1, Kamil Gill1, Aleksandra Rosiak-Gill1,2

  • 1Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.

Translational Andrology and Urology
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Summary

Men with teratozoospermia have increased sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF). An SDF level of 18% effectively predicts abnormal sperm morphology, aiding in male fertility assessments.

Keywords:
Male infertilitysemen analysissperm DNA fragmentation (SDF)sperm morphology

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Andrology
  • Spermatozoa morphology and DNA integrity

Background:

  • Teratozoospermia, defined as <4% morphologically normal sperm, is linked to male infertility.
  • The relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) requires further elucidation.
  • SDF is a key indicator of male fertility, yet its prevalence in teratozoospermia is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of varying SDF levels in men diagnosed with teratozoospermia.
  • To establish a discriminating threshold value for SDF in assessing sperm morphology.
  • To investigate the association between teratozoospermia and sperm DNA damage.

Main Methods:

  • Semen samples from 523 men (296 with teratozoospermia, 227 without) were analyzed.
  • Detailed sperm morphological analysis and nuclear sperm DNA dispersion tests were performed.
  • Standard semen parameters and teratozoospermia index (TZI) were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Men with teratozoospermia exhibited lower standard semen parameters and higher SDF levels compared to controls.
  • A significant association was found between teratozoospermia and higher SDF (>30%).
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified >18% SDF as a predictor of abnormal sperm morphology (AUC=0.746).

Conclusions:

  • Detailed sperm structural defects correlate with abnormal sperm DNA dispersion.
  • Men with teratozoospermia face an elevated risk of sperm DNA damage.
  • An 18% SDF threshold, measured by the DNA sperm dispersion test, is optimal for predicting normal versus abnormal sperm morphology.