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Related Concept Videos

Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

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As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
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Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

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Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
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Golgi Matrix Proteins01:12

Golgi Matrix Proteins

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Golgi matrix proteins are a group of highly dynamic proteins that maintain the stacked structure of Golgi. These proteins adapt to rapid morphological changes of the Golgi during the cell cycle. During cell division, mild proteolysis removes these connections resulting in Golgi unstacking. In The daughter cells, these proteins help reassemble the unstacked Golgi.
One of the first identified Golgi matrix proteins was GM130, a rod-like protein located in the cis-Golgi. Subsequently, many Golgi...
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

5.6K
While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
5.6K
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

4.5K
Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Published on: August 10, 2017

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Plant Golgi ultrastructure.

David G Robinson1

  • 1Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Journal of Microscopy
|May 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The plant Golgi apparatus modifies glycoproteins and sorts proteins, unlike animal cells, it remains intact during mitosis. This review focuses on plant Golgi ultrastructure, integrating findings from animal studies.

Keywords:
Brefeldin ACOPI-vesicleCOPII-vesicleER exit site (ERES)ER import site (ERIS)cis-Golgicisternal progressionclathrin-coated vesicledense vesiclesecretory unitsecretory vesicletrans-Golgi network

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Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
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Area of Science:

  • Plant cell biology
  • Organelle function
  • Molecular trafficking

Background:

  • The plant Golgi apparatus, including the Golgi stack and Trans Golgi Network (TGN), is a dynamic organelle central to the secretory and endocytic pathways.
  • It processes glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), recycles ER resident proteins, and sorts proteins for vacuolar or plasma membrane destinations.
  • Unlike animal Golgi, the plant Golgi does not disassemble during mitosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a focused review on plant Golgi ultrastructure and function.
  • To integrate findings from mammalian/animal Golgi research with plant-specific knowledge.
  • To highlight the role of the Golgi in protein modification, sorting, and trafficking within plant cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating findings from mammalian/animal and plant Golgi studies.
  • Analysis of plant Golgi ultrastructure and its functional implications.
  • Comparative study of Golgi apparatus behavior in plants versus animal cells.

Main Results:

  • The plant Golgi apparatus is a highly polar and mobile organelle crucial for protein modification and sorting.
  • It functions analogously to a factory assembly line, with distinct entry (cis-area), processing (cisternal maturation), and exit (TGN) stages.
  • Quality control mechanisms exist at the ER-Golgi interface, involving COPII and COPI vesicle trafficking.

Conclusions:

  • The plant Golgi apparatus plays a vital role in the secretory pathway, protein modification, and intracellular trafficking.
  • Its non-disassembly during mitosis is a key distinction from animal Golgi.
  • Understanding plant Golgi ultrastructure, informed by animal cell studies, is essential for comprehending plant cell biology.