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Sex determination in a Brazilian sample from cranial morphometric parameters - a preliminary study.

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Skull measurements can help determine sex in human identification when pelvic bones are missing. This study developed mathematical models using cranial metrics, achieving up to 78.5% accuracy in sex determination for forensic anthropology.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Human Osteology
  • Biological Anthropology

Background:

  • Sex determination is crucial for human identification, particularly in forensic contexts.
  • The skull is a key indicator for sex determination when pelvic elements are unavailable.
  • Cranial metric analysis offers a quantitative approach to assess sex differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reliable method for sex determination using skull measurements.
  • To develop mathematical prototypes for sex estimation in forensic investigations.
  • To assess the dimorphism of specific cranial measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven cranial measurements were taken from a sample of 186 skulls (males and females).
  • Measurements were categorized into sagittal and horizontal planes.
  • Logistic regression and conditional inference trees were used to create predictive sex determination models.

Main Results:

  • Significant sexual dimorphism was observed in Lambda-Nasospinale and Rhinion-Nasospinale (sagittal plane), and Zygomaxillare-Zygomaxillare and Lambda-Incisive Foramen (horizontal plane).
  • Predictive models achieved accuracy rates of 78.5% (logistic regression) and 72.04% (conditional inference trees).
  • The developed models show potential as auxiliary tools in forensic identification.

Conclusions:

  • Specific cranial measurements exhibit significant sexual dimorphism.
  • Mathematical models based on these measurements can aid in sex determination.
  • The findings support the application of these quantitative methods in forensic anthropology.