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Related Concept Videos

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring01:23

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

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Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
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Electrocardiogram01:29

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Instrumentation Amplifier01:25

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An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
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Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

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Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Event-Driven ECG Sensor in Healthcare Devices for Data Transfer Optimization.

Manel Ben-Romdhane1, Asma Maalej1, Mariam Tlili2

  • 1COSIM Research Laboratory, SUP'COM, University of Carthage, Cité Technologique des Communications, 2083 El Ghazala, Ariana Tunisia.

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|May 19, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) devices require efficient data transmission. Event-driven Level-Crossing Analog-to-Digital Converters (LC-ADC) offer comparable signal quality to Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converters (SAR ADC) with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) compression, with reduced data length.

Keywords:
Analog-to-digital converterData compressionDiscrete wavelet transformECG sensorEvent-driven samplingSuccessive approximation of registers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing
  • Wearable Health Technology

Background:

  • Long-term cardiovascular monitoring necessitates wearable, connected electrocardiogram (ECG) devices for enhanced patient comfort and diagnostic accuracy.
  • Efficient data transmission from ECG devices to healthcare providers is crucial due to the large data volumes generated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively compare the performance of Level-Crossing Analog-to-Digital Converters (LC-ADC) against Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converters (SAR ADC) with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) compression for ECG data transmission.
  • To evaluate ECG data compression and signal quality metrics, including percent root-mean-square difference (), bit compression ratio (), and data length in bits.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of LC-ADC and SAR ADC with DWT compression using key performance metrics.
  • Evaluation of signal reconstruction quality ( ) and data compression efficiency (bit length).

Main Results:

  • An 8-bit LC-ADC achieved an 80% for 75% of test ECG signals, outperforming a 12-bit 1-kHz SAR ADC with DWT compression (71.87% ).
  • LC-ADC demonstrated comparable signal quality () to SAR ADC with DWT compression.
  • LC-ADC resulted in a lower data length than SAR ADC with >14-bit resolution with DWT compression for 82% of signals.

Conclusions:

  • LC-ADC offers a promising alternative for ECG data transmission, providing comparable signal quality and reduced data length.
  • For applications prioritizing lower power consumption for radiofrequency transmission at lower resolutions, SAR ADC with DWT compression remains a suitable choice.