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Coevolutionary patterns caused by prey selection.

Sabrina B L Araujo1, Marcelo Eduardo Borges2, Francisco W von Hartenthal3

  • 1Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Interações, Biological Interactions, Universidade Federal do Paraná, P.O. Box 19073, PR 81531-980, Curitiba, Brazil.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|May 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predator prey interactions shape evolution. When predators select prey based on traits, it can lead to extreme evolutionary patterns and increase extinction risk, especially in small populations.

Keywords:
Coevolutionmatching phenotypepredator strategypredator-preyprey preferencevictim selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Theoretical ecology
  • Population dynamics

Background:

  • Antagonistic interactions drive coevolutionary patterns.
  • Existing models often assume random exploitation, neglecting victim selection effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how predator prey selection influences coevolutionary dynamics.
  • To explore the impact of phenotype matching in predator prey interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical study of predator and prey payoffs under coevolution.
  • Comparison of random predation versus phenotype-based prey selection.
  • Individual-based modeling to validate analytical predictions.

Main Results:

  • High population sizes yield symmetrical coevolutionary branching and cycling (Red Queen dynamics) regardless of selection.
  • Small population sizes with prey selection cause asymmetrical patterns and episodic reversals between stable states.
  • Prey selection drives phenotypes to extremes, reducing fitness and increasing extinction likelihood.

Conclusions:

  • Prey selection significantly alters coevolutionary outcomes compared to random predation.
  • Novel Red Queen dynamics emerge under small populations and prey selection.
  • Extreme phenotypic evolution driven by selection poses a risk to species survival.