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Related Concept Videos

Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Polymeric-nanofluids stabilized emulsions: Interfacial versus bulk rheology.

Milad Kamkar1, Parisa Bazazi2, Aadithya Kannan3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

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Interfacial viscoelasticity, not bulk, dominates oil-in-water emulsion stability. Nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers tune these properties, with slightly hydrophobic NPs enhancing stability by increasing interfacial viscoelasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Oil-in-water emulsion properties depend on aqueous phase and oil-water interface rheology.
  • Nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers can modify bulk and interfacial rheological parameters.
  • Tuning these parameters allows for the formulation of emulsions with tailored properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of fumed silica nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers on the bulk and interfacial viscoelasticity of aqueous phases.
  • To explore how these rheological changes influence the morphology and stability of oil-in-water emulsions.
  • To determine the relative importance of bulk versus interfacial viscoelasticity in emulsion stability.

Main Methods:

  • Oscillatory rheological techniques were used to measure bulk and interfacial viscoelastic properties.
  • Experiments involved hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and slightly hydrophobic fumed silica NPs and polymers of varying molecular weights.
  • Emulsification and single drop coalescence experiments assessed emulsion morphology and stability.

Main Results:

  • Polymers increased bulk viscoelasticity but decreased interfacial viscoelasticity and emulsion stability.
  • Slightly hydrophobic NP nanofluids without polymers exhibited no bulk viscoelasticity but showed high interfacial viscoelasticity and stability.
  • A clear correlation was observed between high interfacial viscoelasticity and enhanced emulsion stability.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial viscoelasticity plays a dominant role in the stability of oil-in-water emulsions, surpassing the influence of bulk viscoelasticity.
  • Slightly hydrophobic nanoparticles offer a promising route to enhance emulsion stability by increasing interfacial viscoelasticity.
  • The study provides insights into formulating stable emulsions by controlling interfacial rheological properties.