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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

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Elimination communication contributes to a reduction in unexplained infant crying.

Geraldine J Jordan1, Kelly Arbeau1, Denise McFarland1

  • 1Environmental Health Lab, Geography and Environmental Studies, Trinity Western University, 7600 Glover Road, Langley, BC, Canada.

Medical Hypotheses
|May 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Elimination Communication (EC) significantly reduced infant crying by up to 70.9% compared to typical Western practices. This method, responding to infant cues for elimination, may flatten the Normal Crying Curve and warrants further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Infant Behavior

Background:

  • The Normal Crying Curve describes a peak in unexplained infant crying around 6-8 weeks.
  • Infants signal elimination needs through cues like crying, often missed in Western practices with diapers and delayed toilet training.
  • Ethnographic data suggests hunter-gatherer infants cry less, possibly due to responsive elimination practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that Elimination Communication (EC) reduces unexplained infant crying.
  • To investigate if EC can "\"planate\"" the Normal Crying Curve.
  • To explore the relationship between infant crying and elimination opportunities.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study tracked crying and fussing in infants practicing EC using a 24-hour Baby's Daily Diary.
  • Data was collected at 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks.
  • Hierarchical multi-level modeling and generalized linear modeling were used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Infants in the EC group cried 50.3% less on average and up to 70.9% less at 6 weeks compared to literature data.
  • No significant crying peak was observed across weeks in the EC group.
  • Greater daily crying episodes correlated with more elimination opportunities; shorter crying episodes predicted more opportunities, especially in low-crying infants.

Conclusions:

  • Elimination Communication (EC) shows potential in significantly reducing unexplained infant crying.
  • The findings suggest that responsive caregiving to infant elimination cues may alter typical crying patterns.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes is recommended to validate these findings and their impact on infant crying.