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Nocardiosis: A Neglected Disease
Shalini Dewan Duggal1, Tulsi Das Chugh2
1Department of Microbiology, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Delhi, India, shaliniduggal2005@rediffmail.com.
Summary
Nocardiosis, a neglected tropical disease, presents diverse clinical features and geographical distribution. Early suspicion and knowledge of local epidemiology are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of Nocardia infections.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
- Tropical Medicine
Background:
- Nocardiosis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Nocardia bacteria.
- It exhibits varied geographical distribution and diverse clinical presentations, often remaining cryptic.
- Delayed diagnosis of Nocardia infections leads to increased morbidity and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the epidemiology of Nocardia infections.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of diagnosis and treatment strategies for nocardiosis.
- To emphasize the importance of understanding local Nocardia epidemiology and susceptibility patterns.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of literature was conducted.
- Searches were performed on Embase, PubMed, Ovid, and individual journals up to March 2020.
- Keywords included "Nocardia," "taxonomy," "prevalence," "clinical features," "diagnosis," "treatment," and "susceptibility."
- Eighty-seven English-language articles (reviews, case series, case reports) were selected.
Main Results:
- Nocardiosis presents with a wide range of clinical manifestations.
- Epidemiological data, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options for Nocardia infections vary.
- Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of prevalent Nocardia species are critical for effective management.
Conclusions:
- Thorough knowledge of Nocardia epidemiology and clinical presentations is essential for timely diagnosis.
- Effective management of nocardiosis requires understanding local Nocardia species prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility.
- This review highlights the need for increased awareness and systematic approaches to combat Nocardia infections.
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