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Information ratchet with time-varying temperature.

Chern Lee1, Hai Ye1, Jianping Liu1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores thermodynamic processes involving information, establishing a general fluctuation relation valid under various non-equilibrium conditions. Information can be converted into work, and used to reduce total entropy, even with changing temperatures.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Information Theory

Background:

  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics describes systems far from equilibrium.
  • Fluctuation relations offer insights into the statistical behavior of thermodynamic quantities in non-equilibrium systems.
  • The interplay between information and thermodynamics is a growing area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a general fluctuation relation for thermodynamic processes involving information.
  • To derive a non-equilibrium equality linking information and time-varying temperature.
  • To demonstrate the conversion of information into work and entropy reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a general form of fluctuation relation.
  • Utilizing stochastic equations to derive non-equilibrium equalities.
  • Analyzing a harmonic system as a case study.

Main Results:

  • A general fluctuation relation is validated irrespective of temperature or Hamiltonian driving the system out of equilibrium.
  • A novel non-equilibrium equality involving information and time-varying temperature was obtained.
  • Demonstrated the conversion of information into work in a harmonic system.
  • Verified the validity of the general second law of thermodynamics using information to reduce total entropy.

Conclusions:

  • The derived fluctuation relation is universally applicable to non-equilibrium thermodynamic systems.
  • Information plays a crucial role in manipulating thermodynamic processes, including work extraction and entropy reduction.
  • The findings provide a deeper understanding of the second law of thermodynamics in systems with time-varying temperatures.