Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 21, 2025
09:33
Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules
Published on: May 12, 2017
15.0K
Infectious Bronchitis Virus Regulates Cellular Stress Granule Signaling
Matthew J Brownsword1,2, Nicole Doyle1, Michèle Brocard2
1The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Viruses
|May 20, 2020
Summary
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) inhibits cellular stress responses that normally block viral gene expression. IBV also induces stress granules independently of translation inhibition, offering new insights into viral evasion strategies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Viruses rely on host cell translation for gene expression.
- Cellular stress responses globally inhibit translation and form stress granules, silencing most mRNAs.
- Some stress responses maintain expression of antiviral factors during infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how the Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) regulates cellular stress granules.
- To understand IBV's modulation of cellular translation and antiviral signaling during infection.
Main Methods:
- Investigated stress granule formation and regulation during IBV infection.
- Analyzed the impact of IBV on cellular stress granule signaling pathways.
- Assessed the relationship between translational repression, stress granule formation, and eIF2α phosphorylation.
Main Results:
- IBV inhibits multiple cellular stress granule signaling pathways.
- IBV replication induces stress granules in a subset of infected cells.
- IBV infection uncouples translational repression from stress granule formation, independent of eIF2α phosphorylation.
Conclusions:
- IBV actively modulates host cell translation and stress responses.
- IBV employs distinct mechanisms to overcome cellular antiviral defenses.
- Findings provide novel insights into viral strategies for replication amidst host stress.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Other Stress Responses in Bacteria
266
Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
266
01:21Stress Response System
559
The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's...
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's...
559
01:31Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
2.9K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
2.9K
01:17Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway
6.7K
Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
6.7K
01:37Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
65.0K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
65.0K
02:26NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
9.7K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
9.7K