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Recent Insight into SARS-CoV2 Immunopathology and Rationale for Potential Treatment and Preventive Strategies in

Sara Lega1, Samuele Naviglio1, Stefano Volpi2

  • 1Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy.

Vaccines
|May 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This review examines how the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) interacts with the human immune system. It highlights the role of hyper-inflammation in severe COVID-19 and discusses potential drug treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates understanding disease pathogenesis.
  • Host immune response, particularly hyper-inflammation, is critical in determining COVID-19 severity.
  • Current COVID-19 management is primarily supportive, with ongoing research into therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 and host immune system interactions.
  • To discuss recent findings on potential pharmacologic treatments for severe COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of clinical observations regarding disease progression.
  • Summary of studies on antiviral and immunomodulating drug efficacy.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a complex immune response.
  • Hyper-inflammation significantly contributes to severe disease and mortality.
  • Several antiviral and immunomodulating agents are under investigation for therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system is crucial for effective treatment strategies.
  • Pharmacologic interventions targeting the immune response may reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
  • Further research is needed to establish the role of specific drugs in managing severe illness.
Keywords:
Covid-19SARS-CoV-2T cell repertoireantiviral immunitycoronaviruscytokine stormimmune response

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