Whole-Grain Processing and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Sebastian Åberg1,2, Jim Mann1,3, Silke Neumann4
1Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Diabetes Care
|May 20, 2020
Summary
Less-processed whole grains significantly improved glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes compared to finely milled grains. Dietary recommendations should prioritize minimally processed whole grains for better blood sugar management.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Metabolic Health
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Whole-grain consumption is linked to improved health outcomes.
- The processing level of whole grains may influence their metabolic effects.
- Understanding the impact of milling on glycemic control is crucial for dietary recommendations in type 2 diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of whole-grain processing, specifically milling, on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
- To compare the glycemic response to less-processed versus finely milled whole-grain foods.
Main Methods:
- A 2-week crossover trial involving 28 adults with type 2 diabetes.
- Participants consumed nutrient-matched whole-grain foods differing in processing level.
- Continuous glucose monitoring and measurement of cardiometabolic risk factors were employed.
Main Results:
- Less-processed whole grains led to a significant reduction in postprandial glucose responses (9% after breakfast, 6% overall) compared to finely milled grains.
- Day-long glycemic variability, measured by 24-h standard deviation and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, was also reduced.
- Body weight decreased with less-processed whole grains and increased with finely milled grains.
Conclusions:
- Consuming less-processed whole-grain foods for 2 weeks improved glycemic measures in adults with type 2 diabetes.
- Dietary advice should encourage the intake of minimally processed whole grains.
- The degree of whole-grain processing is an important factor in managing type 2 diabetes.
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