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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network

High Resolution 3D Imaging of the Human Pancreas Neuro-insular Network

Published on: January 29, 2018

Large-scale electron microscopy database for human type 1 diabetes.

Pascal de Boer¹, Nicole M Pirozzi¹, Anouk H G Wolters¹

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Nature Communications

|May 20, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. New research reveals abnormalities in exocrine pancreas cells and increased immune cells, suggesting a potential trigger for autoimmunity.

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Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

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Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

Published on: March 4, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Cell Biology

Background:

Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, but its mechanisms are not fully understood.
Existing research has not fully elucidated the complex pathophysiological processes underlying type 1 diabetes.
There is a need for advanced imaging techniques to study pancreatic tissue at a high resolution to uncover novel insights.

Purpose of the Study:

To create a comprehensive, open-access online repository of high-resolution electron microscopy images of human pancreas tissue.
To analyze donor islets for cellular and subcellular anomalies associated with type 1 diabetes.
To investigate potential links between exocrine pancreas abnormalities and the autoimmune triggers of type 1 diabetes.

Main Methods:

Development of an open-access online database ('nanotomy') featuring large-scale electron microscopy images of human pancreas tissue.
Utilizing the Network for Pancreatic Organ donors with Diabetes (nPOD) resource for tissue samples.
Analysis of complete donor islets at macromolecular resolution to identify cellular anomalies.

Main Results:

Identification of an increased number of 'intermediate cells' in type 1 diabetes samples, exhibiting granules similar to both exocrine and endocrine cells.
Observation of an elevated presence of innate immune cells within the pancreatic tissue.
These findings represent initial results from mining the nanotomy database.

Conclusions:

The study suggests that abnormalities in the exocrine pancreas may contribute to endocrine cellular stress.
This cellular stress could act as a potential trigger for the autoimmune response observed in type 1 diabetes.
The nanotomy database provides a valuable resource for further research into type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.