Acoustic field induced nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a diamond mechanical resonator

We study the nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (MOR) of a linearly polarized microwave probe field passing through many nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers embedded in a high-Q single-crystal diamond mechanical resonator. On the basis of the strain-mediated coupling mechanism, we establish a three-level closed-loop system in the ground states of the NV center in the presence of a static magnetic field. It is shown that by applying an acoustic field, the birefringence is induced in the system through the cross-Kerr effect, so that the probe field is transmitted with a high intensity and rotated polarization plane by 90 degrees. In addition, we demonstrate that the acoustic field has a major role in enhancing the MOR angle to 90 degrees. Moreover, it is shown that the MOR angle of the polarization plane after passing through the presented system is sensitive to the relative phase of the applied fields. The physical mechanism of the MOR enhancement is explained using the analytical expressions which are in good agreement with the numerical results. The presented scheme can be used as a polarization converter for efficient switching TE/TM modes in optical communication, the depolarization backscattering lidar, polarization spectroscopy and precision measurements.