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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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An Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Armed with GM-CSF and IL-24 Double Genes for Cancer Targeted Therapy

Lili Deng1, Xue Yang2, Jun Fan1

  • 1NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, People's Republic of China.

Oncotargets and Therapy
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

A novel oncolytic vaccinia virus (VG9-GMCSF-IL24) engineered to express GM-CSF and IL-24 demonstrated significant cancer cell killing and enhanced antitumor immunity. This dual-gene therapy shows promise for effective cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Oncolytic virotherapy
  • Cancer immunotherapy
  • Gene therapy

Background:

  • Oncolytic vaccinia virus offers dual action: tumor cell lysis and transgene delivery.
  • Enhancing oncolytic virus efficacy through co-expression of therapeutic genes is a key research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a novel oncolytic vaccinia virus (VG9-GMCSF-IL24) co-expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-24 (IL-24).
  • To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy and immunogenicity of the engineered virus for improved cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of VG9-GMCSF-IL24 based on the Guang9 strain with thymidine kinase (TK) gene disruption.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assessment using MTT assay across various cell lines.
  • In vivo evaluation of synergistic antitumor effects and survival in multiple tumor models.

Main Results:

  • VG9-GMCSF-IL24 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells with minimal impact on normal cells.
  • Significant inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival were observed in treated animal models.
  • Enhanced systemic and specific antitumor immunity was detected in mice treated with VG9-GMCSF-IL24.

Conclusions:

  • Co-expression of GM-CSF and IL-24 via VG9 virus yields cooperative and overlapping antitumor effects.
  • This combined oncolysis and immunotherapy strategy presents a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment with potential clinical applications.
Keywords:
GM-CSFIL-24cancer therapyimmunotherfapyoncolytic vaccinia virus

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