Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

11.4K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
11.4K
Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

416
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
416
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

3.5K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
3.5K
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

1.8K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
1.8K
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

4.4K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
4.4K
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

2.6K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Innovation and progress towards TB elimination in New South Wales, Australia.

IJTLD open·2026
Same author

Response to: TB in the post-COVID-19 era: a perspective from Paraguay.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2026
Same author

Progress and challenges to TB elimination in New South Wales, Australia.

IJTLD open·2025
Same author

The Western Pacific Regional Framework to End TB: overview and critical reflection.

IJTLD open·2025
Same author

Considering best practice standards for routine whole-genome sequencing for TB care and control.

IJTLD open·2024
Same author

The hidden burden of miliary TB in children and adolescents.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2024
Same journal

Lytic bacteriophages active in urine against multi-drug resistant clinically derived Klebsiella pneumoniae causing urinary tract infection.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same journal

Time to Recovery from Long COVID: A Longitudinal Analysis of Symptom Duration and Risk Factors Using Accelerated Failure Time Models.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same journal

Site matters: extrapulmonary tuberculosis localization patterns and clinical outcomes in the Netherlands,1993-2022.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same journal

When Institutional Transitions Interrupt Prevention: 3HP Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Continuity in a Paraguayan Prison Cohort.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same journal

Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.3.2.2 lineage by JN.1 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
Same journal

Prevalence and associated factors of severe mpox in Mbarara City, southwestern Uganda, October 2024-May 2025.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
07:13

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

4.5K

Pathways to COVID-19 'community protection'.

B J Marais1, T C Sorrell1

  • 1Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Finding a responsible exit from COVID-19 lockdowns is crucial. Three pathways to community protection are discussed: uncontrolled spread, controlled spread with social mixing, and local elimination via prolonged lockdown and contact tracing.

Keywords:
COVID-19Community protectionControlled infectionHerd immunitySARS Cov-2

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.7K
Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling
08:26

Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling

Published on: June 23, 2022

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
07:13

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

4.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
03:53

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

1.7K
Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling
08:26

Large-Scale SARS-CoV-2 Testing Utilizing Saliva and Transposition Sample Pooling

Published on: June 23, 2022

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Dynamics
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health challenge.
  • Observed epidemic peaks are largely attributed to lockdown measures, not natural disease progression.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding the long-term immunity following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore viable strategies for exiting COVID-19 lockdown measures.
  • To discuss three potential pathways to achieving community protection against SARS-CoV-2.
  • To consider the health, social, and economic implications of different exit strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of epidemic spread dynamics based on reproduction numbers (R0).
  • Review of public health interventions, including lockdown, social mixing controls, and contact tracing.
  • Consideration of immune response durability after natural infection.

Main Results:

  • Route 1 (uncontrolled spread, R0>2) leads to overwhelmed healthcare and high mortality.
  • Route 2 (controlled spread, R0 1-2) requires strict social mixing controls to protect vulnerable populations.
  • Route 3 (elimination, R0<1) can be achieved through prolonged lockdown with active case finding and quarantine.

Conclusions:

  • A safe and effective vaccine remains the ideal exit strategy, but its availability may be delayed.
  • Alternative strategies for community protection must be carefully evaluated for their adverse outcomes.
  • Balancing public health, social, and economic factors is essential for responsible COVID-19 exit planning.