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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

280
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

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Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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Atrial-ventricular function in rheumatic mitral regurgitation using strain imaging.

Ruchika Meel1, Ferande Peters2, Bijoy K Khandheria3

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. ruchikameel@gmail.com.

Echo Research and Practice
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In chronic rheumatic mitral regurgitation (MR), left atrial (LA) dysfunction is common, often preceding left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. This LA dysfunction may serve as an early indicator of worsening condition in MR patients.

Keywords:
left atriumleft ventriclerheumatic mitral insufficiencystrain imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Chronic mitral regurgitation (MR) primarily impacts left ventricular (LV) function.
  • The role of left atrial (LA) volume and function in MR morbidity is increasingly recognized.
  • Current guidelines do not emphasize LA assessment as much as LV assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) function in chronic rheumatic MR.
  • To utilize traditional volumetric parameters and advanced 2D strain imaging for assessment.
  • To compare LA and LV function between patients with chronic rheumatic MR and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiographic examination of 77 patients with moderate/severe chronic rheumatic MR and 40 controls.
  • Assessment of LV and LA function using conventional echocardiography.
  • Evaluation of myocardial strain using 2D strain imaging.

Main Results:

  • Patients with chronic rheumatic MR exhibited increased LA stiffness and dysfunction across reservoir, conduit, and contractile phases.
  • LA peak reservoir strain (ƐR), LA peak contractile strain, and LV peak systolic strain were significantly reduced in MR patients.
  • LA dysfunction, with or without LV dysfunction, was the predominant finding in 86% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic rheumatic MR is characterized by significant LA dysfunction in all functional phases.
  • LA dysfunction frequently occurs independently of or preceding LV dysfunction.
  • LA dysfunction may represent an earlier marker for decompensation in chronic rheumatic MR.