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Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

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Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Author Spotlight: Ultrasound-Guided Needle Release Combined with Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Supinator Syndrome
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Open Dorsal Proximal Interphalangeal Dislocation.

Ryan Derrah1, Cameron Wolterstorff1

  • 1Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington.

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details an unusual open dorsal proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocation in a male patient. Management involved closed reduction, irrigation, and antibiotics, highlighting the need for standardized treatment protocols for such injuries.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Trauma Care
  • Hand Surgery

Background:

  • Open proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint dislocations are rare, with volar dislocations being more common.
  • Dorsal PIP dislocations present significant risks including infection and damage to stabilizing structures.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old male presented with an uncommon open dorsal PIP dislocation.
  • The injury involved potential compromise of soft tissues and joint integrity.

Findings:

  • Closed reduction was successfully performed after thorough irrigation of the wound.
  • Post-reduction management included a course of antibiotics to prevent infection.

Implications:

  • The case underscores the lack of standardized management guidelines for open dorsal PIP dislocations in current literature.
  • Prompt irrigation, closed reduction, and antibiotic prophylaxis are crucial for favorable outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to establish evidence-based protocols for these complex injuries.