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Relationship between tRNA-derived fragments and human cancers.

Tianyu Zeng1, Yijia Hua1, Chunxiao Sun1

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|May 20, 2020
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Summary

tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are small RNAs involved in biological processes and disease. This review covers their role in cancer, from biogenesis to potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are small noncoding RNAs.
  • They are classified as tRNA halves (tiRNAs) and tRNA-derived small RNA fragments (tRFs).
  • tRFs are specific products of tRNA modifications, not random degradation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biogenesis of tRFs.
  • To describe the expression and function of tRFs in cancer development.
  • To explore the potential of tRFs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on tRFs and cancer.
  • Analysis of tRF biogenesis pathways.
  • Examination of tRF roles in cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, and survival.

Main Results:

  • tRFs regulate protein translation, gene expression, and immune signaling.
  • tRFs are implicated in various aspects of cancer progression.
  • Distinct tRF expression patterns are observed in cancers.

Conclusions:

  • tRFs play significant roles in cancer development and progression.
  • tRFs show promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer.
  • Targeting tRFs may offer new avenues for cancer therapy.