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Coronavirus: a clinical update of Covid-19

Mateus da Silveira Cespedes1, José Carlos Rosa Pires de Souza2

  • 1. Acadêmico de medicina da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brasil.

Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)
|May 20, 2020
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents mild to severe symptoms and spreads similarly to H1N1 but with lower mortality. Early detection and supportive care are key, with potential treatments like hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin for severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, declared by the WHO, has increased global awareness of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
  • The virus affects individuals with comorbidities and advanced age, with transmissibility similar to H1N1 but lower mortality rates.
  • SARS-CoV-2 invades cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, affecting the respiratory and intestinal mucosa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its epidemiology, viral characteristics, clinical presentation, and management strategies.
  • To highlight the diagnostic capabilities and potential therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological data on COVID-19 spread and transmissibility.
  • Description of the SARS-CoV-2 virus's cellular invasion mechanism.
  • Categorization of clinical presentations into mild and severe forms.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods like CRP-TR for viral load detection.
  • Overview of supportive care, infection control, and potential pharmacological treatments.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 has spread globally, affecting a significant number of patients.
  • Clinical presentation ranges from mild symptoms (fever, cough) to severe respiratory distress (hypoxemia, dyspnea).
  • A 2% mortality rate is estimated, with supportive care and infection control as primary management.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of viral load using CRP-TR is crucial for patients with high clinical suspicion.
  • Supportive measures and infection control are the cornerstones of COVID-19 management.
  • While hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin show promise for severe cases, corticosteroids should be avoided. ACEIs/ARBs use is unrestricted.

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