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Body composition among long distance runners.

Joana Rosado1,2, João P Duarte3,4, Paulo Sousa-E-Silva3,4,5

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

National ultra-trail runners (UTR) are younger, denser, and leaner than regional UTR. This study highlights the distinct body composition of elite endurance athletes and the importance of body composition management.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Biology

Background:

  • Ultra-trail running (UTR) is a demanding endurance sport requiring specific physiological adaptations.
  • Understanding the body composition of UTR is crucial for optimizing performance and health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the body composition of adult male ultra-trail runners based on their competitive level (regional vs. national).
  • To identify potential differences in anthropometric and body composition metrics between different tiers of UTR.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 44 adult male UTR was divided into regional (UTR-R) and national (UTR-N) groups.
  • Body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  • Dietary intake was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and group comparisons were made using independent samples t-tests.

Main Results:

  • National UTR (UTR-N) were significantly younger (33.5±4.1 years) than regional UTR (UTR-R) (38.8±8.2 years).
  • UTR-N exhibited higher body density (1.074±0.009 L.kg-1) and lower fat mass (7.6±2.7 kg) compared to UTR-R (1.062±0.015 L.kg-1 and 12.7±6.8 kg, respectively).
  • No significant differences were observed in fat-free mass between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • National-level ultra-trail runners are characterized by younger age, greater body density, and reduced fat mass compared to their regional counterparts.
  • These findings underscore the specific body composition profile of elite endurance athletes.
  • The study suggests the need for tailored weight management strategies to optimize body composition in ultra-trail runners.