Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

12.1K
Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
12.1K
Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

4.4K
Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
4.4K
Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

4.8K
After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
4.8K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

16.3K
Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
16.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Specific gut microbiota alterations and metabolic deficits in Parkinson's disease: a controlled comparison with functional constipation.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026
Same author

Luminescent Properties and Optical Temperature Sensing Performance of CaTa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>:Pr<sup>3+</sup> Phosphors Under Blue-Light Excitation.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

The Effects of Different Culture Modes on the Nutritional Quality of <i>Procambarus clarkii</i> and Mechanistic Insights: A Metabolomic Perspective.

Biology·2026
Same author

Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation of Netupitant Palonosetron for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Evidence from Economic Analyses.

Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science·2026
Same author

Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers Promoted the Antitumor Effect of <sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617 by Enhancing DNA Repair Capacity of Immune Cells.

Cancer biotherapy & radiopharmaceuticals·2026
Same author

Deciphering microenvironmental heterogeneity by scalable Niche Guided Module Discovery.

Communications biology·2026
Same journal

Retinal hyper-reflective foci link retinal and cortical pathology in paediatric multiple sclerosis.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Two scripts, two pathways: dorsal-ventral biases in post-stroke kana-kanji agraphia.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Blood cytotoxic natural killer-like CD8 + CD94+ T cells migrate to the brain and predict multiple sclerosis severity.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Time to reconsider risk for psychosis?

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

A descending posterior insular pathway drives sensory hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

GIT1 loss of function causes a recognizable syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.8K

Reduced oligodendrocyte exosome secretion in multiple system atrophy involves SNARE dysfunction.

Zhenwei Yu1, Min Shi2, Tessandra Stewart2

  • 1Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|May 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reduced oligodendrocyte-derived microvesicles (OEMVs) in multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients may indicate disease progression. These vesicles, found in blood, could serve as potential MSA biomarkers.

Keywords:
SNARE complexexosomemultiple system atrophyoligodendrocyte-derived enriched microvesicleα-synuclein

More Related Videos

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
06:58

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.1K
Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

11.8K
Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
06:58

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.1K
Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System
06:08

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport proteins and are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • Brain-derived EVs in blood may contain alpha-synuclein (α-syn), a key protein in PD.
  • Little is known about EVs in multiple system atrophy (MSA), another α-syn aggregation disorder affecting oligodendrocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate oligodendrocyte-derived enriched microvesicles (OEMVs) in multiple system atrophy (MSA).
  • To assess α-syn levels within OEMVs and explore their potential as MSA biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel immunocapture technology to isolate blood CNPase-positive, oligodendrocyte-derived enriched microvesicles (OEMVs).
  • Utilized fluorescent nanoparticle tracking analysis to assess OEMV concentrations and α-syn levels.
  • Examined OEMVs in MSA patients, PD patients, and healthy controls, as well as in an MSA mouse model and primary oligodendrocyte cultures.

Main Results:

  • OEMV concentrations were significantly lower in MSA patients compared to PD patients and healthy controls.
  • OEMVs were primarily exosome-sized, and average α-syn concentrations per vesicle did not differ significantly among groups.
  • Reduced OEMVs were observed in an MSA mouse model and primary oligodendrocyte cultures, linked to α-syn interference with the SNARE complex.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced OEMVs may be a mechanism related to pathological α-syn aggregation in oligodendrocytes in MSA.
  • OEMVs in peripheral blood show potential as novel biomarkers for multiple system atrophy.